Why the language we use to describe pregnancy matters

Language is more than just words—it shapes our understanding of the world and influences how we perceive sensitive topics. When discussing pregnancy, the terms we choose to describe a developing embryo or fetus carry significant weight. These words reflect medical realities but also play a role in political debates and personal attitudes toward abortion and reproductive health. 

If you’ve read our article What is the difference between an embryo, a fetus, and a baby?, or are using Clue Pregnancy Mode, you might be curious about our deliberate choice of language and terminology. In this article, we explore how language is used (and sometimes manipulated) in discussions about pregnancy, and why being mindful of our word choices is essential for clear communication. 

Why the words we use are important

The language we use to describe pregnancy and the developing embryo or fetus is important. Unfortunately, language has become part of the fight over access to abortion. Media outlets have guidance for their journalists on how to use certain terms when reporting on abortion, noting that language can be manipulated for political gain and not medical accuracy (1,2). 

The language we're exposed to may impact our attitudes toward abortion. In one study, Polish college students took a survey on fetal development. About half of the group was randomly assigned questions using the term "fetus" and the other half the term "child". The group with questions that used the word “child” to describe a fetus was less likely to support abortion when polled at the end of the study (3).

Several so-called “fetal heartbeat” bills were introduced on the state level in the US in 2019 (4). While none of these laws are in effect as of May 1, 2021 (5), this legislation aimed to ban abortion once embryonic cardiac activity can be detected (which is seen earliest on an ultrasound around 6 weeks of pregnancy) (6). Many people may not know they are pregnant this early on and their options are limited by such legislation. 

Some people believe that the term "fetal heartbeat" was used by lawmakers not only to elicit a visceral response about “heartbeats,” but also in an attempt to redefine viability by suggesting that embryonic cardiac activity is a sign of viability (7). In reality, the true definition of viability means that a fetus can survive outside the uterus, which generally isn’t possible for another 18 weeks after detection of embryonic cardiac activity (at around 24 weeks of pregnancy) (6), and only then, with intensive care. 

Conclusion

The language we use to describe pregnancy is a powerful tool that can shape opinions, inform policy, and influence personal beliefs. Even subtle differences in terminology can have profound effects on how people perceive reproductive health issues. This is why Clue Pregnancy Mode uses medically accurate terminology for embryos, fetuses, and infants. By choosing our words carefully, we can ensure that discussions about pregnancy and abortion remain both informed and compassionate.

If you’re considering abortion and need more information, read our article about what to expect, before, during, and after abortion.